{"id":308,"date":"2026-10-04T01:13:11","date_gmt":"2026-10-04T01:13:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/?p=308"},"modified":"2026-10-05T06:39:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T06:39:07","slug":"materi-dasar-plc-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/?p=308","title":{"rendered":"MATERI DASAR PLC II"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kendali Motor 3 Fasa Melalui Inverter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

START\u2013STOP, Self-Holding, Dua Lampu Indikator, dan Troubleshooting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

1. IDENTITAS PRAKTIK<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Mata pelajaran:<\/strong> Teknik Kontrol \/ PLC
Materi:<\/strong> PLC Omron dan pengendalian motor menggunakan inverter
Tingkat:<\/strong> SMK \/ Mahasiswa \/ BLK \/ Teknisi Pemula
Metode:<\/strong> Praktik wiring, Ladder Diagram, pengujian, dan troubleshooting<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

2. TUJUAN PRAKTIK<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Setelah melakukan praktik, peserta diharapkan mampu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Menjelaskan fungsi PLC secara umum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Mengenali input dan output PLC Omron.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Memahami kontak NO dan NC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Melakukan wiring tombol START dan STOP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Membuat rangkaian self-holding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Membuat Ladder Diagram START\u2013STOP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Mengendalikan lampu indikator.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Menghubungkan output PLC dengan input RUN inverter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Memahami hubungan PLC \u2192 inverter \u2192 motor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Melakukan simulasi kondisi START dan STOP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Menganalisis penyebab motor tidak RUN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Melakukan troubleshooting secara sistematis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    3. GAMBARAN SISTEM<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

    Sistem yang akan dibuat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         START NO\n        \u2502\n        \u2502\n     STOP NC\n        \u2502\n        \u25bc\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n\u2502    PLC OMRON    \u2502\n\u2502                 \u2502\n\u2502  INPUT          \u2502\n\u2502  0.00 START     \u2502\n\u2502  0.01 STOP      \u2502\n\u2502                 \u2502\n\u2502  OUTPUT         \u2502\n\u2502  100.00 RUN     \u2502\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba INVERTER\n\u2502  100.01 HIJAU   \u2502\n\u2502  100.02 MERAH   \u2502\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518                \u2502\n                                   \u2502\n                                   \u25bc\n                                MOTOR\n                                3 FASA\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Konsep utamanya:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Input \u2192 PLC \u2192 Output \u2192 Inverter \u2192 Motor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    PLC tidak langsung mengatur daya motor. PLC memberikan perintah kontrol kepada inverter, kemudian inverter mengendalikan motor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    4. KOMPONEN PRAKTIK<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
    No.<\/th>Komponen<\/th>Jumlah<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    1<\/td>PLC Omron<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
    2<\/td>Push button START NO<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
    3<\/td>Push button STOP NC<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
    4<\/td>Lampu indikator hijau<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
    5<\/td>Lampu indikator merah<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
    6<\/td>Inverter\/VFD<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
    7<\/td>Motor 3 fasa<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
    8<\/td>Power supply kontrol sesuai sistem<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
    9<\/td>Kabel kontrol<\/td>Secukupnya<\/td><\/tr>
    10<\/td>Pengaman listrik<\/td>Sesuai rancangan<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    5. PEMAHAMAN NO DAN NC<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
    5.1 START \u2014 Normally Open<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    START menggunakan kontak NO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Kondisi normal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u2500\u2500\u2500  \u2500\u2500\u2500\n  OPEN\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Ketika ditekan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\n CLOSED\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Artinya PLC menerima sinyal START hanya ketika tombol ditekan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    6. STOP \u2014 Normally Closed<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
    STOP menggunakan kontak NC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Kondisi normal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\n CLOSED\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Ketika ditekan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u2500\u2500\u2500  \u2500\u2500\u2500\n  OPEN\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Dengan konfigurasi ini, ketika STOP ditekan, izin RUN motor hilang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Penggunaan NC pada rangkaian STOP juga membantu mendeteksi sebagian kegagalan kabel\/rangkaian kontrol, tetapi fungsi keselamatan mesin yang sebenarnya tetap harus menggunakan rancangan safety yang sesuai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    7. CONTOH PEMETAAN INPUT DAN OUTPUT<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
    Untuk latihan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Alamat<\/th>Nama<\/th>Fungsi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    0.00<\/td>START<\/td>Push button NO<\/td><\/tr>
    0.01<\/td>STOP<\/td>Push button NC<\/td><\/tr>
    100.00<\/td>MOTOR_RUN<\/td>Perintah RUN inverter<\/td><\/tr>
    100.01<\/td>LAMP_GREEN<\/td>Lampu hijau<\/td><\/tr>
    100.02<\/td>LAMP_RED<\/td>Lampu merah<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    CATATAN PENTING<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Alamat di atas adalah contoh pembelajaran<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    PLC Omron mempunyai berbagai seri seperti CP, CJ, dan lainnya, dan format alamat\/I\/O dapat berbeda. Sebelum wiring, cocokkan alamat dengan model PLC dan konfigurasi I\/O yang benar-benar digunakan<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    8. KONSEP KERJA<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
    Kita ingin sistem bekerja sebagai berikut:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Kondisi awal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Motor berhenti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    MOTOR_RUN = OFF\nLAMP_GREEN = OFF\nLAMP_RED = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    START ditekan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    START\n  \u2193\nPLC menerima input\n  \u2193\nMOTOR_RUN ON\n  \u2193\nLAMP_GREEN ON\n  \u2193\nLAMP_RED OFF\n  \u2193\nInverter menerima RUN\n  \u2193\nMotor berjalan\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    START dilepas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Motor tetap berjalan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Mengapa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Karena kita menggunakan self-holding<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    STOP ditekan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    STOP\n  \u2193\nMOTOR_RUN OFF\n  \u2193\nLAMP_GREEN OFF\n  \u2193\nLAMP_RED ON\n  \u2193\nPerintah RUN inverter hilang\n  \u2193\nMotor berhenti\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    9. WIRING INPUT PLC<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
    Bagian ini harus disesuaikan dengan jenis input PLC Omron yang digunakan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Untuk contoh sistem input DC:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
             SUPPLY CONTROL\n              +\n              \u2502\n              \u2502\n        \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n        \u2502 START NO  \u2502\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n              \u2502\n              \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba INPUT 0.00\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Untuk STOP:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
             SUPPLY CONTROL\n              +\n              \u2502\n              \u2502\n        \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n        \u2502 STOP  NC  \u2502\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n              \u2502\n              \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba INPUT 0.01\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Secara konseptual:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    +24 V\n \u2502\n \u251c\u2500\u2500[ START NO ]\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba 0.00\n \u2502\n \u2514\u2500\u2500[ STOP  NC ]\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba 0.01\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Jangan menjadikan gambar konseptual ini sebagai pengganti diagram terminal PLC.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Terminal common input PLC harus mengikuti wiring diagram model PLC yang digunakan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    10. CARA MEMERIKSA INPUT<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
    Sebelum membuat program motor, lakukan pengujian input.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    START tidak ditekan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Periksa monitor PLC:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    0.00 = OFF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    START ditekan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    0.00 = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Kemudian:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    STOP dalam kondisi normal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Karena STOP menggunakan NC:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    0.01 = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Ketika STOP ditekan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    0.01 = OFF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Ini sangat penting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Jika status input tidak sesuai, jangan lanjut ke inverter terlebih dahulu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Cari masalah wiring input.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    11. WIRING OUTPUT LAMPU<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
    Kita mempunyai dua lampu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Lampu hijau = motor mendapat perintah RUN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Lampu merah = motor dalam kondisi STOP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      Konsep:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      PLC OUTPUT 100.01\n        \u2502\n        \u25bc\n   LAMPU HIJAU\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      dan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      PLC OUTPUT 100.02\n        \u2502\n        \u25bc\n   LAMPU MERAH\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Diagram sederhana:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Output 100.01 \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba Lampu Hijau\nOutput 100.02 \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba Lampu Merah\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Namun wiring sebenarnya bergantung pada jenis output PLC Omron<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Ada PLC dengan output relay dan ada konfigurasi output transistor. Tegangan beban dan common output harus disesuaikan dengan spesifikasi PLC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      12. MENGAPA LAMPU HIJAU DAN MERAH DIGUNAKAN?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
      Lampu bukan hanya hiasan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Lampu merupakan informasi bagi operator<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Hijau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      MOTOR_RUN = ON\n        \u2193\nLAMP_GREEN = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Artinya PLC sedang memberikan perintah RUN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Merah<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      MOTOR_RUN = OFF\n        \u2193\nLAMP_RED = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Artinya sistem tidak memberikan perintah RUN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Dalam sistem industri sebenarnya, status “perintah RUN” dan “motor benar-benar berputar” bisa berbeda. Karena itu sistem yang lebih maju menggunakan feedback RUN dari inverter<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      13. LADDER DIAGRAM RUNG 1<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
      START\u2013STOP + SELF-HOLDING<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
       |----[\/ STOP ]----+----[ START ]------------( MOTOR_RUN )\n |                 |\n |                 +----[ MOTOR_RUN ]--------|\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Keterangan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      [\/ STOP ]<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      = kondisi STOP harus mengizinkan sistem berjalan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      [ START ]<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      = perintah awal untuk menjalankan motor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      [ MOTOR_RUN ]<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      = kontak pengunci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      ( MOTOR_RUN )<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      = coil perintah RUN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      14. CARA KERJA SELF-HOLDING<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
      Pada awalnya:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      START = OFF\nMOTOR_RUN = OFF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Ketika START ditekan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      START = ON\n       \u2193\nMOTOR_RUN = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Begitu MOTOR_RUN ON, kontak MOTOR_RUN pada cabang bawah ikut ON.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Kemudian START dilepas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      START = OFF\nMOTOR_RUN = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Karena kontak MOTOR_RUN masih mempertahankan jalur, coil tetap aktif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Inilah yang disebut:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Self-Holding \/ Seal-In Circuit.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      15. LADDER RUNG 2<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
      LAMPU HIJAU<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
       |----[ MOTOR_RUN ]----------------( LAMP_GREEN )\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Jika MOTOR_RUN ON:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      LAMP_GREEN = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Jika MOTOR_RUN OFF:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      LAMP_GREEN = OFF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      16. LADDER RUNG 3<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
      LAMPU MERAH<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
       |----[\/ MOTOR_RUN ]---------------( LAMP_RED )\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Jika MOTOR_RUN OFF:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      LAMP_RED = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Jika MOTOR_RUN ON:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      LAMP_RED = OFF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      17. LADDER LENGKAP<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
      RUNG 1\n |----[\/ STOP ]----+----[ START ]------------( MOTOR_RUN )\n |                 |\n |                 +----[ MOTOR_RUN ]--------|\n\n\nRUNG 2\n |----[ MOTOR_RUN ]----------------( LAMP_GREEN )\n\n\nRUNG 3\n |----[\/ MOTOR_RUN ]---------------( LAMP_RED )\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Secara logika:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      START + izin STOP\n       \u2193\n MOTOR_RUN\n       \u2193\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n \u25bc           \u25bc\nHIJAU       INVERTER\n             \u2193\n            MOTOR\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Sedangkan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      MOTOR_RUN OFF\n      \u2193\nLAMP_RED ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      18. KONEKSI PLC KE INVERTER<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
      Ini bagian yang sangat penting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      PLC akan memberikan perintah:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      RUN \/ STOP<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      kepada terminal kontrol inverter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Secara umum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      PLC OUTPUT\n   \u2502\n   \u2502 RUN command\n   \u25bc\nINVERTER CONTROL INPUT\n   \u2502\n   \u25bc\nINVERTER\n   \u2502\n   \u2502 U \/ V \/ W\n   \u25bc\nMOTOR\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Namun setiap inverter dapat mempunyai nama terminal yang berbeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Misalnya suatu inverter dapat menggunakan terminal seperti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      DI \/ X1 \/ FWD \/ RUN\nCOM \/ DCM \/ CM\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Tetapi inverter lain bisa menggunakan penamaan berbeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Jangan menganggap terminal FWD inverter A pasti sama dengan inverter B.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      19. KONSEP WIRING RUN INVERTER<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
      Misalnya inverter memiliki input digital:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      RUN\/FWD\nCOM\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Maka secara konsep PLC harus membuat kondisi RUN pada input tersebut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Untuk output relay PLC, salah satu konsepnya:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      PLC OUTPUT\n    \u2502\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba RUN\/FWD INVERTER\n    \u2502\n   COM\n    \u2502\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba COM INVERTER\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Tetapi rangkaian aktual harus mengikuti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Jenis output PLC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Tegangan kontrol.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Jenis input digital inverter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Common\/source\/sink inverter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Manual wiring inverter.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        Jangan memberikan tegangan ke terminal inverter sebelum memastikan rating terminal tersebut.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        20. HUBUNGAN DAYA MOTOR<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
        Secara umum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        Sumber 3 Fasa\n      \u2502\n      \u25bc\n   INVERTER\n      \u2502\n   U  V  W\n      \u2502\n      \u25bc\n   MOTOR 3 FASA\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        PLC berada pada sisi kontrol<\/strong>, bukan sebagai sumber daya motor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        Jadi jangan pernah melakukan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        PLC OUTPUT \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba MOTOR 3 FASA\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        Yang benar secara konsep:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        PLC \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba CONTROL INPUT INVERTER\n                    \u2502\n                    \u25bc\n                  MOTOR\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        21. SETTING DASAR INVERTER<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
        Sebelum motor dijalankan, inverter harus diatur agar sumber perintah RUN berasal dari terminal kontrol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        Parameter yang perlu diperiksa umumnya mencakup:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. Sumber perintah RUN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Sumber referensi frekuensi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. Frekuensi maksimum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. Frekuensi minimum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. Acceleration time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        6. Deceleration time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        7. Data nameplate motor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        8. Proteksi motor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          Nomor parameter tidak boleh ditebak<\/strong>, karena setiap merek dan seri inverter mempunyai parameter berbeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          22. SIMULASI 1 \u2014 KONDISI AWAL<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
          Sebelum START:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          START       = OFF\nSTOP        = NORMAL\nMOTOR_RUN   = OFF\nGREEN       = OFF\nRED         = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          Tampilan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \ud83d\udd34 MERAH = ON\n\ud83d\udfe2 HIJAU = OFF\n\nMOTOR = STOP\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          23. SIMULASI 2 \u2014 START DITEKAN<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
          Ketika START ditekan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          START = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          PLC menjalankan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          MOTOR_RUN = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          Kemudian:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          GREEN = ON\nRED = OFF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          Dan output MOTOR_RUN memberikan perintah kepada inverter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          PLC\n \u2193\nRUN command\n \u2193\nINVERTER\n \u2193\nMOTOR\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          24. SIMULASI 3 \u2014 START DILEPAS<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
          START kembali:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          START = OFF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          Tetapi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          MOTOR_RUN = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          Mengapa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          Karena kontak self-holding:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          [ MOTOR_RUN ]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          masih mempertahankan coil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          Motor tetap berjalan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          25. SIMULASI 4 \u2014 STOP DITEKAN<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
          Ketika STOP ditekan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          STOP NC \u2192 OPEN\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          Maka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          MOTOR_RUN = OFF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          Kemudian:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          GREEN = OFF\nRED = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          Output RUN inverter hilang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          Motor berhenti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          26. TABEL SIMULASI<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
          Kondisi<\/th>START<\/th>STOP<\/th>MOTOR_RUN<\/th>Hijau<\/th>Merah<\/th>Motor<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
          Awal<\/td>OFF<\/td>Normal<\/td>OFF<\/td>OFF<\/td>ON<\/td>STOP<\/td><\/tr>
          START ditekan<\/td>ON<\/td>Normal<\/td>ON<\/td>ON<\/td>OFF<\/td>RUN<\/td><\/tr>
          START dilepas<\/td>OFF<\/td>Normal<\/td>ON<\/td>ON<\/td>OFF<\/td>RUN<\/td><\/tr>
          STOP ditekan<\/td>OFF<\/td>Aktif<\/td>OFF<\/td>OFF<\/td>ON<\/td>STOP<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          27. TROUBLESHOOTING SISTEMATIS<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
          Jika motor tidak mau RUN, jangan langsung mengubah program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          Gunakan metode:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          INPUT \u2192 PROGRAM \u2192 OUTPUT \u2192 INVERTER \u2192 MOTOR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          28. TROUBLESHOOTING LEVEL 1 \u2014 INPUT<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
          Pertama lihat input PLC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          Tekan START.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          Apakah:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          0.00 = ON ?\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          Jika tidak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          Periksa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • tombol START,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • wiring,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • supply kontrol,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • common input,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • alamat input,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • terminal PLC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            Kemudian periksa STOP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            Dalam kondisi normal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            0.01 = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            Ketika STOP ditekan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            0.01 = OFF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            Jika STOP tidak sesuai, jangan lanjut ke tahap berikutnya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            29. TROUBLESHOOTING LEVEL 2 \u2014 PROGRAM<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
            Jika input sudah benar tetapi motor tetap tidak RUN, lihat monitor Ladder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            Saat START ditekan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            START = ON\nSTOP condition = OK\nMOTOR_RUN = ON ?\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            Jika MOTOR_RUN tidak ON:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            Periksa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            1. Ladder Rung 1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            2. Alamat START.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            3. Alamat STOP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            4. Alamat coil MOTOR_RUN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            5. Kontak self-holding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            6. Apakah ada interlock lain dalam program.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              30. TROUBLESHOOTING LEVEL 3 \u2014 OUTPUT PLC<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
              Jika Ladder menunjukkan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              MOTOR_RUN = ON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              tetapi inverter tidak menerima RUN:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              Periksa output PLC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              PLC PROGRAM\n     \u2193\nMOTOR_RUN ON\n     \u2193\nOUTPUT FISIK?\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              Jika output fisik tidak aktif:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              Periksa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • jenis output PLC,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • common output,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • wiring,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • fuse\/pengaman,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • konfigurasi output,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • kondisi PLC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                31. TROUBLESHOOTING LEVEL 4 \u2014 INPUT RUN INVERTER<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                Jika output PLC sudah benar, periksa sisi inverter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                Pertanyaan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                Apakah terminal RUN\/FWD inverter benar-benar menerima perintah?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                Periksa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                1. Terminal RUN yang digunakan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. Terminal COM.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                3. Source\/sink logic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                4. Tegangan kontrol.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                5. Setting command source.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                6. Status input digital inverter.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n
                  32. TROUBLESHOOTING LEVEL 5 \u2014 INVERTER<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                  Jika inverter menerima perintah RUN tetapi motor tidak berputar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                  Periksa display inverter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                  Apakah ada:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                  FAULT\nALARM\nTRIP\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  Periksa juga:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • frekuensi referensi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • command source,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • frequency source,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • parameter motor,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • acceleration time,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • status enable,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • interlock,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • emergency circuit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n
                    33. TROUBLESHOOTING LEVEL 6 \u2014 MOTOR<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                    Jika inverter sudah RUN tetapi motor tidak berputar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    Periksa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    1. Kabel motor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    2. Terminal U\/V\/W.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    3. Sambungan motor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    4. Nameplate motor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    5. Parameter motor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    6. Beban mekanis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    7. Kondisi motor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    8. Fault inverter.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                      Pemeriksaan listrik pada sisi motor harus dilakukan oleh orang yang kompeten dan dengan prosedur keselamatan yang benar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      34. TABEL TROUBLESHOOTING<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                      Gejala<\/th>Kemungkinan<\/th>Pemeriksaan<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                      START ditekan, input tidak ON<\/td>Wiring\/input<\/td>Cek 0.00<\/td><\/tr>
                      STOP selalu OFF<\/td>Wiring STOP<\/td>Cek 0.01<\/td><\/tr>
                      Input benar, MOTOR_RUN OFF<\/td>Program<\/td>Monitor Ladder<\/td><\/tr>
                      MOTOR_RUN ON, output tidak aktif<\/td>Output\/wiring<\/td>Cek output PLC<\/td><\/tr>
                      Output PLC ON, inverter tidak RUN<\/td>Wiring\/setting<\/td>Cek terminal RUN<\/td><\/tr>
                      Inverter fault<\/td>Proteksi<\/td>Baca kode fault<\/td><\/tr>
                      Inverter RUN tetapi motor diam<\/td>Motor\/wiring\/parameter<\/td>Cek output inverter<\/td><\/tr>
                      Motor berjalan tetapi berhenti sendiri<\/td>Fault\/interlock<\/td>Cek inverter dan program<\/td><\/tr>
                      Lampu hijau tidak menyala<\/td>Output\/wiring<\/td>Cek 100.01<\/td><\/tr>
                      Lampu merah tidak menyala<\/td>Output\/wiring<\/td>Cek 100.02<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      35. METODE TROUBLESHOOTING TEKNISI<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                      Jangan menebak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Gunakan metode berikut:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                 MOTOR TIDAK RUN\n                  \u2502\n                  \u25bc\n          INPUT PLC BENAR?\n             \/          \\\n           TIDAK         YA\n            \u2502             \u2502\n       Periksa input      \u25bc\n                     PROGRAM BENAR?\n                       \/       \\\n                     TIDAK      YA\n                      \u2502          \u2502\n                 Periksa PLC     \u25bc\n                            OUTPUT AKTIF?\n                              \/      \\\n                            TIDAK      YA\n                             \u2502          \u2502\n                        Cek output      \u25bc\n                                 INVERTER TERIMA RUN?\n                                    \/        \\\n                                  TIDAK       YA\n                                   \u2502           \u2502\n                              Cek wiring       \u25bc\n                                          MOTOR RUN?\n                                           \/      \\\n                                         TIDAK      YA\n                                          \u2502\n                                    Cek inverter,\n                                    motor, beban\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      Inilah pola pikir troubleshooting yang sangat berguna bagi teknisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      36. CHECKLIST PRAKTIK<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                      Sebelum Power ON<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      [ ] Wiring sudah diperiksa
                      [ ] Tegangan supply benar
                      [ ] Input START benar
                      [ ] Input STOP benar
                      [ ] Output lampu benar
                      [ ] Wiring inverter benar
                      [ ] Motor sesuai inverter
                      [ ] Pengaman tersedia
                      [ ] Tidak ada kabel terkelupas
                      [ ] Area motor aman<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Setelah PLC ON<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      [ ] PLC normal
                      [ ] START dapat dibaca
                      [ ] STOP dapat dibaca
                      [ ] Ladder dapat dimonitor
                      [ ] Lampu merah menyala<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Setelah START<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      [ ] MOTOR_RUN ON
                      [ ] Lampu hijau ON
                      [ ] Lampu merah OFF
                      [ ] Output RUN aktif
                      [ ] Inverter menerima perintah<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Setelah STOP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      [ ] MOTOR_RUN OFF
                      [ ] Lampu hijau OFF
                      [ ] Lampu merah ON
                      [ ] Inverter menerima STOP
                      [ ] Motor berhenti<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      37. LATIHAN PESERTA<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                      Jawablah pertanyaan berikut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Soal 1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Apa perbedaan NO dan NC?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Soal 2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Mengapa tombol START menggunakan NO?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Soal 3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Mengapa tombol STOP umumnya menggunakan NC?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Soal 4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Apa fungsi self-holding?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Soal 5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Mengapa PLC tidak langsung dihubungkan ke motor 3 fasa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Soal 6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Apa fungsi inverter?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Soal 7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Jika input START ON tetapi MOTOR_RUN tidak ON, bagian mana yang harus diperiksa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Soal 8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Jika MOTOR_RUN ON tetapi inverter tidak RUN, apa saja kemungkinan penyebabnya?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Soal 9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Apa perbedaan “PLC memberikan perintah RUN” dengan “motor benar-benar RUN”?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Soal 10<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Mengapa teknisi harus melakukan troubleshooting dari INPUT \u2192 PROGRAM \u2192 OUTPUT \u2192 INVERTER \u2192 MOTOR?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      38. PENGEMBANGAN LEVEL BERIKUTNYA<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                      Setelah peserta berhasil dengan program dasar, sistem dapat dikembangkan menjadi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Level 1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      START\u2013STOP + self-holding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Level 2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Tambahkan Emergency Stop sesuai rancangan safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Level 3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Tambahkan feedback RUN dari inverter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Level 4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Tambahkan indikator FAULT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Level 5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Tambahkan selector:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      MANUAL \/ AUTO\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      Level 6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Tambahkan timer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Contoh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      START\n  \u2193\nTimer 3 detik\n  \u2193\nMotor RUN\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      Level 7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Tambahkan sensor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Sensor\n  \u2193\nPLC\n  \u2193\nInverter\n  \u2193\nMotor\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      Level 8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      Buat sistem otomatis penuh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Misalnya:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      START\n \u2193\nMotor 1 RUN\n \u2193\nSensor aktif\n \u2193\nMotor 2 RUN\n \u2193\nTimer\n \u2193\nMotor STOP\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      Pada tahap ini peserta sudah mulai memasuki konsep sequence control<\/strong> yang banyak digunakan pada mesin industri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      39. KESIMPULAN<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                      Dari satu praktik sederhana ini peserta sebenarnya sudah mempelajari beberapa dasar yang sangat penting:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      INPUT\n  \u2193\nLOGIKA PLC\n  \u2193\nOUTPUT\n  \u2193\nINVERTER\n  \u2193\nMOTOR\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      START dan STOP mengajarkan dasar input<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Self-holding mengajarkan logika kontrol<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Lampu mengajarkan output dan indikator<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Inverter mengajarkan hubungan antara kontrol dan tenaga<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Troubleshooting mengajarkan cara berpikir teknisi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      40. PESAN UNTUK SISWA, MAHASISWA, DAN PESERTA BLK<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
                      Jangan hanya menghafal Ladder Diagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Kalau melihat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      |----[ START ]----( MOTOR )----|\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      jangan hanya bertanya:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                      “Ini programnya bagaimana?”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                      Biasakan bertanya:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                      “Input apa yang masuk?”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                      “PLC mengambil keputusan apa?”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                      “Output apa yang keluar?”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                      “Perangkat berikutnya menerima sinyal apa?”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                      “Kalau motor tidak jalan, di titik mana sinyal berhenti?”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                      Inilah yang membedakan antara orang yang sekadar bisa mengetik program<\/strong> dengan teknisi yang mampu memahami dan mencari kerusakan sebuah sistem<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Mulailah dari rangkaian sederhana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Pahami satu kontak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Pahami satu coil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Pahami self-holding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      Kemudian tambahkan timer, counter, sensor, interlock, inverter, dan feedback sedikit demi sedikit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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