{"id":702,"date":"2026-10-11T11:05:46","date_gmt":"2026-10-11T11:05:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/?p=702"},"modified":"2026-10-12T13:13:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T13:13:16","slug":"mesin-es-balok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/?p=702","title":{"rendered":"MESIN ES BALOK"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mesin Es Balok (Block Ice Maker) Kapasitas Besar (Sistem Brine\/Air Garam)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mesin es balok industri memiliki skala yang jauh lebih besar dan kompleksitas mekanis yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan chiller atau freezer biasa. Pembuatan es balok umumnya memanfaatkan bak berisi air garam (brine)<\/strong> berkonsentrasi tinggi yang diturunkan suhunya hingga mencapai -10\u00b0C sampai -15\u00b0C<\/strong>, lalu cetakan es balok dicelupkan ke dalamnya. Modul Panduan Teknis Mesin Es Balok Skala Industri<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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MESIN ES BALOK KAPASITAS BESAR (BRINE SYSTEM)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

1. DAFTAR KOMPONEN & FUNGSINYA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mesin es balok menggunakan komponen refrigerasi heavy-duty beserta komponen mekanis angkat-angkut (hoist<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A. Komponen Utama Siklus Refrigerasi (Heavy-Duty)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Kompresor Jenis Screw \/ Piston Open-Type:<\/strong> Biasanya digerakkan oleh motor listrik besar menggunakan vanbelt (sabuk) atau kopling langsung. Jenis freon yang sering digunakan pada kapasitas besar adalah R22, R404A<\/strong>, atau sistem industri besar menggunakan Ammonia (R717)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Evaporator Coil (Tiang Evaporator):<\/strong> Berbentuk susunan pipa tembaga atau baja tanpa sirip (bare tube coil<\/em>) yang ditenggelamkan langsung di dalam bak brine (air garam).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Water-Cooled Condenser (Shell & Tube):<\/strong> Karena kapasitasnya yang besar, pembuangan panas wajib menggunakan kondensor air yang dihubungkan ke Cooling Tower<\/em> di luar gedung.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Liquid Receiver Tank:<\/strong> Tabung penerima berukuran besar untuk menampung cadangan cairan refrigeran dalam jumlah banyak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    B. Komponen Mekanikal & Sistem Brine (Air Garam)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Brine Tank (Bak Garam):<\/strong> Bak besar berinsulasi tebal penampung air campuran garam NaCl atau CaCl2. Kadar garam dijaga agar air tidak membeku pada suhu -15\u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Brine Agitator (Pengaduk Air Garam):<\/strong> Motor dengan baling-baling (propeler) yang berfungsi menyirkulasikan air garam di dalam bak agar suhunya merata dan mempercepat proses pembekuan es balok.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Ice Can & Frame (Cetakan Es):<\/strong> Susunan cetakan besi galvanis atau stainless steel<\/em> tempat air bersih diisi untuk dibekukan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Overhead Crane \/ Hoist:<\/strong> Katrol listrik rel atas yang digunakan untuk mengangkat satu baris cetakan es balok yang sudah jadi untuk dipindahkan ke bak pencelupan pelarasan (thawing tank<\/em>) dan meja peluncur es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      C. Komponen Elektrikal & Safety Device<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Water Level Control (WLC):<\/strong> Mengatur pengisian air bersih otomatis ke dalam cetakan es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Salinometer:<\/strong> Alat ukur untuk memantau densitas\/kepekatan air garam (agar air garam tidak membeku menutupi evaporator).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Oil Separator & Oil Cooler:<\/strong> Kompresor industri membutuhkan pemisahan dan pendinginan oli yang sangat baik karena durasi operasional mesin bisa berjalan 24 jam nonstop.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        2. PRINSIP WIRING DIAGRAM KONTROL & DAYA MESIN ES BALOK<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Pada mesin kapasitas besar, kompresor tidak boleh langsung dinyalakan secara langsung (Direct On Line \/ DOL<\/em>) karena akan menyebabkan lonjakan arus listrik yang sangat besar (starting current<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        A. Rangkaian Daya: Sistem Star-Delta (Y-\u0394) atau Soft Starter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Wiring daya kompresor wajib menggunakan sistem perpindahan Star (Y) ke Delta (\u0394)<\/strong> melalui 3 buah kontaktor (Kontaktor Utama, Kontaktor Star, Kontaktor Delta) dan sebuah Time Delay Relay<\/em> (TDR) untuk memindahkan koneksi gulungan motor setelah 3\u20135 detik awal start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B. Logika Blok Rangkaian Kontrol (Interlock Sistem Pabrik)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Logika rangkaian disusun secara seri dengan pengaman berlapis. Kompresor hanya bisa menyala<\/strong> jika sistem pendukung (Agitator dan Cooling Tower) sudah dipastikan hidup terlebih dahulu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [Sumber Tegangan 220V]\n         \u2502\n   [MCB Control] \u2500\u2500\u2500 [Emergency Stop]\n         \u2502\n   [Overload Motor Agitator (NC)] (Agitator wajib aman)\n         \u2502\n   [Overload Motor Cooling Tower (NC)] (Cooling tower wajib aman)\n         \u2502\n   [Kontak PFR (Phase Failure Relay)] (Tegangan 3-Phase wajib stabil)\n         \u2502\n   [High\/Low Pressure Switch (HP\/LP)] (Tekanan Freon aman)\n         \u2502\n   [Thermostat Digital Bak Brine] (Menutup jika suhu bak masih hangat)\n         \u2502\n   [Rangkaian Timer Star-Delta Kompresor] \u2500\u2500\u2500 [Koil Kontaktor Kompresor]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        3. PANDUAN TROUBLESHOOTING MESIN ES BALOK LAPANGAN<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        Gejala Masalah \/ Eror<\/th>Kemungkinan Penyebab Utama<\/th>Langkah Investigasi & Solusi Lapangan<\/th><\/tr>
        Bak Air Garam Membeku (Menjadi Bongkahan Es)<\/strong><\/td>\u2022 Konsentrasi garam di dalam air terlalu rendah (encer).
        \u2022 Motor Agitator<\/em> (pengaduk) mati atau fanbelt-nya putus.<\/td>        		1. Matikan sistem pendingin segera agar pipa evaporator tidak penyok\/pecah akibat tekanan es.
        2. Cek kepekatan garam menggunakan Salinometer<\/em>, tambah garam sesuai standar derajat Baume (\u00b0B\u00e9).
        3. Periksa motor agitator dan ganti fanbelt jika putus.<\/td><\/tr>
        Waktu Pembekuan Es Lama (Lebih dari 12-24 Jam)<\/strong><\/td>\u2022 Terjadi lapisan kerak\/lumpur di pipa kondensor Shell & Tube<\/em>.
        \u2022 Suhu air Cooling Tower<\/em> terlalu panas.
        \u2022 Kurang freon karena ada kebocoran sistem.<\/td>        		1. Lakukan cleaning\/rodding<\/em> pada pipa Shell & Tube<\/em> kondensor menggunakan sikat kawat khusus.
        2. Cek kipas cooling tower<\/em> dan bersihkan filler-nya<\/em> dari lumut.
        3. Cek tekanan menggunakan manifold, cari titik bocor dan isi ulang freon.<\/td><\/tr>
        Kompresor Trip Saat Perpindahan dari Star (Y) ke Delta (\u0394)<\/strong><\/td>\u2022 Waktu perpindahan Timer<\/em> (TDR) terlalu cepat.
        \u2022 Salah satu kontaktor (Star atau Delta) mengalami kemacetan mekanis\/kontak aus.
        \u2022 Salah sambung urutan kabel pada terminal motor (U1, V1, W1 to U2, V2, W2).<\/td>        		1. Atur kembali waktu jeda timer star-delta (idealnya 3 hingga 5 detik).
        2. Bongkar dan periksa kondisi pelat tembaga di dalam kontaktor.
        3. Periksa ulang diagram pengabelan terminal motor menggunakan Ohm-meter.<\/td><\/tr>
        Mesin Mati Mendadak dengan Indikator “Oil Pressure Alarm”<\/strong><\/td>\u2022 Tekanan oli kompresor turun akibat filter oli tersumbat.
        \u2022 Level oli di kompresor berkurang.
        \u2022 Pompa oli internal kompresor aus.<\/td>        		1. Cek level oli melalui kaca pengintai (sight glass<\/em>) kompresor.
        2. Bongkar dan bersihkan\/ganti elemen filter oli kompresor.
        3. Lakukan pengukuran tekanan mekanis pompa oli manual menggunakan pressure gauge<\/em>.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        4. SPESIFIKASI ACUAN PABRIK ES<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
         Parameter pengujian alat (commissioning test<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Suhu Ideal Air Garam (Brine):<\/strong> -10\u00b0C sampai -12\u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Kepekatan Brine Standar (NaCl):<\/strong> Minimal 21% – 23% berat volume, atau terbaca sekitar 22\u00b0 – 24\u00b0 Baume pada hidrometer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Tekanan Kerja Standar (Freon R404A):<\/strong>\n
            \n
          • Sisi Rendah (Suction \/ LP<\/em>): 20 \u2013 30 psi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Sisi Tinggi (Discharge \/ HP<\/em>): 240 \u2013 280 psi (menggunakan pendinginan air).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            Mesin Es Balok (Block Ice Maker) Kapasitas Besar (Sistem Brine\/Air Garam). Mesin es balok industri memiliki skala yang jauh lebih […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-logika-dasar-otomasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=702"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/702\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":703,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/702\/revisions\/703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=702"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=702"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=702"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}