{"id":782,"date":"2026-10-13T10:13:20","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T10:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/?p=782"},"modified":"2026-10-13T10:14:02","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T10:14:02","slug":"sistem-kemasan-otomatis-sachet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/?p=782","title":{"rendered":"SISTEM KEMASAN OTOMATIS SACHET"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mesin Kemasan Sachet Vertikal Otomatis (VFFS)<\/strong> dari nol, mulai dari pengenalan struktur komponen utama, alur kerja sistem, hingga langkah <em>troubleshooting<\/em> terpadu saat mesin digunakan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BAGIAN 1: Anatomi &amp; Komponen Utama Mesin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Untuk membuat atau memahami mesin dari awal, kita harus membaginya menjadi 3 sistem utama:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. Sistem Struktur Mekanis &amp; Penggerak<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Frame \/ Rangka Utama:<\/strong> Biasanya terbuat dari <em>Stainless Steel (SUS 304)<\/em> agar higienis dan standar pangan (<em>food grade<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Collar \/ Former (Corong Pembentuk):<\/strong> Komponen berbentuk kerah baju yang berfungsi mengubah plastik lembaran datar menjadi tabung silinder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pulling Roller (Roda Penarik):<\/strong> Roda berbahan karet keras yang menjepit dan menarik plastik ke bawah.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vertical &amp; Horizontal Sealing Jaws (Blok Pemanas):<\/strong> Blok besi kuningan\/tembaga yang menjepit plastik untuk merekatkannya. Vertical untuk sambungan belakang, Horizontal untuk sambungan atas-bawah kemasan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cutter (Pisau Pemotong):<\/strong> Pisau bergerigi yang berada di dalam horizontal sealing jaw untuk memotong antar-kemasan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B. Sistem Otomasi &amp; Kelistrikan (Otak Mesin)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PLC (Programmable Logic Controller):<\/strong> Pengendali utama seluruh gerakan mesin (kapan plastik ditarik, kapan pemanas menjepit, kapan bahan dituangkan).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HMI (Human Machine Interface):<\/strong> Layar sentuh tempat operator mengatur panjang plastik, kecepatan mesin, dan menghitung jumlah kemasan yang sudah jadi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Motor Penggerak (Stepper \/ Servo Motor):<\/strong> Menggerakkan roda penarik plastik dengan presisi tinggi hingga fraksi milimeter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inverter (VFD):<\/strong> Mengatur kecepatan motor utama secara halus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Photocell Sensor:<\/strong> Sensor optik pembaca <em>eye mark<\/em> (tanda kotak hitam di pinggir plastik) agar posisi potongan gambar kemasan tidak meleset.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thermo Controller &amp; Thermocouple:<\/strong> Pengatur suhu dan sensor sensor panas untuk menjaga suhu <em>sealing<\/em> tetap stabil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C. Sistem Pneumatik (Jika Mesin Menggunakan Tekanan Udara)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Silinder Kerja Tunggal\/Ganda:<\/strong> Menggerakkan maju-mundur blok pemanas (<em>sealing jaws<\/em>) dan pisau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Solenoid Valve:<\/strong> Katup elektronik yang diperintah PLC untuk mengalirkan angin kompresor ke silinder pneumatik.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FRL Unit (Filter, Regulator, Lubricator):<\/strong> Menyaring air dari kompresor, mengatur tekanan udara, dan melumasi komponen pneumatik.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BAGIAN 2: Alur Kerja Mesin (Sequence of Operation)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">memahami urutan logika berjalan dari awal hingga selesai:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Feeding Plastik:<\/strong> Roll plastik berputar \\(\\rightarrow \\) melewati <em>Photocell Sensor<\/em> \\(\\rightarrow \\) masuk ke <em>Former<\/em> (membentuk tabung).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vertical Sealing:<\/strong> Blok pemanas vertikal menjepit dan mengunci bagian belakang plastik (membentuk pipa plastik panjang).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pulling:<\/strong> <em>Pulling Roller<\/em> atau <em>Servo<\/em> menarik pipa plastik ke bawah sepanjang satu ukuran kemasan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bottom Sealing &amp; Filling:<\/strong> Blok pemanas horizontal menjepit bagian bawah untuk membuat dasar kantong \\(\\rightarrow \\) Secara bersamaan, corong pengisi (<em>hopper<\/em>) menjatuhkan produk (bubuk\/cairan) ke dalam kantong.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Top Sealing &amp; Cutting:<\/strong> Setelah diisi, blok horizontal menjepit bagian atas kantong (sekaligus menjadi bagian bawah kantong berikutnya) \\(\\rightarrow \\) <em>Cutter<\/em> bergerak memotong kemasan yang sudah jadi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Selesai:<\/strong> Produk jatuh ke penampung dan siklus berulang.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Uraian Kontak I\/O (Input\/Output) PLC<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sebelum membuat wiring dan program, kita harus memetakan alamat I\/O pada PLC:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sisi Input (Alamat X):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>X0:<\/strong> Tombol Start (Push Button NO)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>X1:<\/strong> Tombol Stop (Push Button NC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>X2:<\/strong> Tombol Emergency (NC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>X3:<\/strong> Sensor Kedekatan Pembungkus \/ <em>Photocell Sensor<\/em> (Membaca tanda potong)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>X4:<\/strong> Sensor Batas Bahan \/ <em>Hopper Level Sensor<\/em> (Mendeteksi jika bahan habis)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sisi Output (Alamat Y):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Y0:<\/strong> Motor Penarik Plastik (<em>Roller Motor<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Y1:<\/strong> Solenoid Valve Cylinder Vertical Sealer (Penyegel Panjang)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Y2:<\/strong> Solenoid Valve Cylinder Horizontal Sealer &amp; Cutter (Penyegel Lebar + Pisau)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Y3:<\/strong> Solenoid Valve Pengisi Produk (<em>Filling\/Piston Valve<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Y4:<\/strong> Lampu Indikator Jalur\/Mesin Run (<em>Green Indicator<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Y5:<\/strong> Buzzer \/ Alarm Error (<em>Red Indicator<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. Panduan Wiring Diagram (Pengkabelan)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Secara teori dan praktik wiring dibagi menjadi dua bagian utama:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. Wiring Rangkaian Kontrol (DC 24V &#8211; Aman untuk Siswa)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Power Supply:<\/strong> Hubungkan terminal +24V dan 0V\/GND dari Switching Power Supply ke terminal Power PLC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Wiring Input:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tarik kabel dari +24V menuju ke Tombol Start (X0), Stop (X1), dan Emergency (X2). Output dari tombol masuk ke masing-masing terminal Input PLC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Untuk Sensor <em>Photocell<\/em> (tipe NPN), kabel cokelat ke +24V, kabel biru ke 0V, dan kabel hitam (Signal) langsung ke terminal X3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Wiring Output (Tipe Relay\/Transistor):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hubungkan terminal COM output PLC ke tegangan +24V.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hubungkan terminal Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3 ke kaki (+) Coil Relay universal 24VDC. Kaki (-) Coil Relay dihubungkan ke 0V. <em>Relay ini berfungsi sebagai jembatan (interposing relay) untuk menggerakkan beban besar.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B. Wiring Rangkaian Daya (AC 220V\/380V)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kontak NO (Normally Open) dari Relay Y1 dan Y2 digunakan untuk mengalirkan listrik AC 220V menuju <strong>Solenoid Valve Pneumatik<\/strong> (penggerak silinder sealer).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kontak NO dari Relay Y0 dihubungkan ke <em>Driver Motor<\/em> atau <em>Inverter<\/em> untuk memutar Motor Penarik Plastik.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. Program LADDER Diagram (Logika Dasar Mesin Kemasan)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Berikut adalah urutan logika (<em>sequence<\/em>) yang ditulis dalam bentuk Ladder Diagram:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rung 1: Sistem Start\/Stop &amp; Interlock Utama<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Logika untuk menghidupkan sistem kontrol mesin dan menguncinya (<em>latching<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">text<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"> <code>  X0 (Start)   X1 (Stop)   X2 (Emerg)      M0 (System Run)\n---| |-----------|\/|---------|\/|-------------( )---\n\n   |                                    |\n   | M0                                 |\n   ---| |--------------------------------\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gunakan kode dengan hati-hati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Penjelasan:<\/em> Jika X0 ditekan, Internal Relay <strong>M0<\/strong> aktif dan mengunci diri sendiri. M0 akan mati jika X1 atau X2 ditekan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rung 2: Proses Penarikan Plastik &amp; Pembacaan Sensor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Motor penarik plastik berputar hingga sensor pembatas kemasan\/photocell mendeteksi tanda potong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">text<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"> <code>  M0          X3 (Photocell)               Y0 (Motor Tarik)\n---| |-------------|\/|-----------------------( )---\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gunakan kode dengan hati-hati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Penjelasan:<\/em> Saat sistem jalan (M0 AKTIF) dan sensor belum melihat tanda hitam (X3 MATI\/NC), motor penarik plastik (<strong>Y0<\/strong>) akan berputar menarik plastik ke bawah. Begitu tanda hitam terbaca (X3 AKTIF), kontak NC terbuka dan motor <strong>Y0<\/strong> berhenti tepat di posisi potong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rung 3: Proses Pengisian Produk (Filling)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Setelah plastik berhenti ditarik, produk dimasukkan ke dalam kantong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">text<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"> <code>  X3 (Photocell)     T1 (Timer Fill)       Y3 (Solenoid Valve Fill)\n---| |-----------------|\/|-------------------( )---\n                                        |\n                                        |   T1 (Durasi Isi 1.5 Detik)\n                                        ----(TMR T1 K15)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gunakan kode dengan hati-hati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Penjelasan:<\/em> Begitu tanda potong terbaca (X3), katup pengisi (<strong>Y3<\/strong>) terbuka untuk menjatuhkan produk. Timer <strong>T1<\/strong> menghitung selama 1.5 detik (K15) untuk membatasi jumlah produk, setelah itu katup menutup kembali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rung 4: Proses Penyegelan dan Pemotongan (Sealing &amp; Cutting)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Setelah pengisian selesai, silinder pemanas menjepit plastik untuk menyegel dan memotong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">text<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"> <code>  T1 (Fill Done)     T2 (Timer Seal)       Y1 (Vert Sealer)\n---| |-----------------|\/|-------------------+---( )\n                                            |\n                                            +---( Y2 Horiz Sealer\/Cut )\n                                            |\n                                            +---(TMR T2 K20)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gunakan kode dengan hati-hati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Penjelasan:<\/em> Kontak <strong>T1<\/strong> memicu silinder penyegel vertikal (<strong>Y1<\/strong>) dan horizontal\/pisau (<strong>Y2<\/strong>) bekerja bersamaan. Timer <strong>T2<\/strong> menghitung selama 2 detik (K20) untuk memastikan plastik merekat sempurna sebelum rahang pemanas terbuka kembali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. Studi Kasus Troubleshooting Berbasis Program PLC <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pahami tantangan logika jika terjadi <em>trouble<\/em>. Contoh skenario:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kasus: Motor penarik plastik (Y0) berputar terus tanpa henti dan plastik terbuang.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Analisis Program:<\/em> Lihat Rung 2. Kontak X3 tidak pernah terbuka.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Solusi Teknisi:<\/em> Sensor <em>photocell<\/em> kotor, jaraknya bergeser, atau kabel sensor ke terminal X3 putus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kasus: Mesin jalan tetapi produk tidak mau turun.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Analisis Program:<\/em> Lihat Rung 3. Cek apakah lampu indikator Y3 di PLC menyala.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Solusi Teknisi:<\/em> Jika lampu Y3 di PLC menyala tetapi katup tidak bergerak, masalah ada pada mekanis (solenoid valve terbakar\/macet) atau koil relay perantara putus. Jika lampu Y3 mati, sensor X3 atau timer T1 yang bermasalah.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mesin Kemasan Sachet Vertikal Otomatis (VFFS) dari nol, mulai dari pengenalan struktur komponen utama, alur kerja sistem, hingga langkah troubleshooting [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-deskripsi-kategori-logika-dasar-otomasi-selamat-da"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/782","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=782"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/782\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":783,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/782\/revisions\/783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otomasiplcbandung.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}